Aerobic exercise combined with huwentoxin-I upregulates phase-Ⅱ detoxification enzymes to alleviate obstructive jaundice-induced central nervous system injury in mice / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of aerobic exercise combined with huwentoxin-I (HWTX-I)-mediated Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway on phase II detoxification enzymes HO-1 and NQO1 and their protective effects against obstructive jaundice (OJ)-induced central nervous system injury in mice.@*METHODS@#50 male KM mice were randomly divided into blank group (GO), model group (M), aerobic exercise group (T), HWTX-I group (H), and aerobic exercise combined with HWTX-I group (TH). Mouse models of OJ were established with surgical suture for 72 h in the mice in all the groups except for the blank control group. The mice received interventions by aerobic exercise and tail vein injection of HWTX-I (0.05 μg/g) and were assessed by behavioral observation, Clark's neurological function scores, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), brain tissue Nissl staining, hippocampal tissue Western blotting, and liver tissue mRNA expression profiling and sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The mice in group M had obvious jaundice symptoms after the operation with significantly increased Clark's neurological score ( < 0.01). Compared with those in group M, the mice in group T, group H, and group TH showed significantly decreased serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, and TBA ( < 0.01) with increased contents of 5-HT and BDNF and decreased contents of S100B and NSE in the hippocampus ( < 0.01). Synergistic effects between aerobic exercise and HWTX-I were noted on the above parameters except for the liver function indicators. Interventions with aerobic exercise and HWTX-I, alone or in combination, obviously lessened pathologies in the brain tissue induced by OJ, and the combined treatment produced the strongest effect. The treatment also increased the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 mRNA and protein in brain tissues ( < 0.01 or 0.05) with a synergistic effect between aerobic exercise and HWTX-I. Illumina high-throughput sequencing showed that the differentially expressed factors participated mainly in such neural regulatory pathways as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, GABAergic synapses, dopaminergic synapses, synaptic vesicle circulation, and axon guidance, involving tissue cell neuronal signal transduction, apoptosis inhibition, immune response, and toxicity. Aerobic exercise and HWTX-I synergistically increased the accumulation of the signal pathways related with neuron damage repair and proliferation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Aerobic exercise combined with HWTX-I can up-regulate the expression of phase Ⅱ detoxification enzymes HO-1 and NQO1 through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway to protect the central nervous system against OJ-induced damage in mice.

DNA barcoding and its utility in commonly-used medicinal snakes / 中国中药杂志

Identification accuracy of traditional Chinese medicine is crucial for the traditional Chinese medicine research, production and application. DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), are more and more used for identification of traditional Chinese medicine. Using universal barcoding primers to sequence, we discussed the feasibility of DNA barcoding method for identification commonly-used medicinal snakes (a total of 109 samples belonging to 19 species 15 genera 6 families). The phylogenetic trees using Neighbor-joining were constructed. The results indicated that the mean content of G + C(46.5%) was lower than that of A + T (53.5%). As calculated by Kimera-2-parameter model, the mean intraspecies genetic distance of Trimeresurus albolabris, Ptyas dhumnades and Lycodon rufozonatus was greater than 2%. Further phylogenetic relationship results suggested that identification of one sample of T. albolabris was erroneous. The identification of some samples of P. dhumnades was also not correct, namely originally P. korros was identified as P. dhumnades. Factors influence on intraspecific genetic distance difference of L. rufozonatus need to be studied further. Therefore, DNA barcoding for identification of medicinal snakes is feasible, and greatly complements the morphological classification method. It is necessary to further study in identification of traditional Chinese medicine.

Hydrophidae identification through analysis on Cyt b gene barcode / 中国中药杂志

Hydrophidae, one of the precious traditional Chinese medicines, is generally drily preserved to prevent corruption, but it is hard to identify the species of Hydrophidae through the appearance because of the change due to the drying process. The identification through analysis on gene barcode, a new technique in species identification, can avoid the problem. The gene barcodes of the 6 species of Hydrophidae like Lapemis hardwickii were aquired through DNA extraction and gene sequencing. These barcodes were then in sequence alignment and test the identification efficency by BLAST. Our results revealed that the barcode sequences performed high identification efficiency, and had obvious difference between intra- and inter-species. These all indicated that Cyt b DNA barcoding can confirm the Hydrophidae identification.

Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes / 中国中药杂志

To obtained an accurate, rapid and efficient method for authenticate medicinal snakes listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Zaocysd humnades, Bungarus multicinctus, Agkistrodon acutus), a rapid PCR method for authenticate snakes and its adulterants was established based on the classic molecular authentication methods. DNA was extracted by alkaline lysis and the specific primers were amplified by two-steps PCR amplification method. The denatured and annealing temperature and cycle numbers were optimized. When 100 x SYBR Green I was added in the PCR product, strong green fluorescence was visualized under 365 nm UV whereas adulterants without. The whole process can complete in 30-45 minutes. The established method provides the technical support for authentication of the snakes on field.

Research of DNA barcode of Teseudinis Carapax et Planstrum and its adulterants based on COI gene sequence / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To use COI gene on the Mauremys reevesii and its adulterants by molecular identification. Search a rapid, accurate method of identification of Teseudinis Carapax et Planstrum and its adulterants.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>We collected 8 species of the authentic and adulterants of teseudinis carapax et planstrum in a nationwide then, extracted DNA, got the COI sequences. Use ContigExpress, Dnaman, Edit Sequence and Mega 5 to analyze the variable site and construct the N-J tree.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compare with the authentic Teseudinis Carapax et Planstrum, the adulterant exist lots of variable site. The N-J tree Indicates that the same genus belong together and each species belong to relatively independent branch.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on the COI gene, the technology of DNA bar code can be a excellent identification of Teseudinis Carapax et Planstrum and its adulterants.</p>

DNA barcoding of COI gene in some medicinal animals of Lacertilia / 中国中药杂志

To identify some medicinal animals of Lacertilia, in total 59 individuals belonging to 12 species 7 genera 3 families, we used the universal barcoding primers to sequence these species, compared with other homologous sequences (564 bp) obtaining from the GenBank and finally constructed phylogenetic trees using Neighbor-joining, Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, respectively. As a result, the mean content of G + C (46.5%) was lower than that of A + T (53.5%). As calculated by Kimera-2-parameter model, the whole individuals mean distance for interspecies and intraspecies was 35. 5% and 1.7%, respectively. The mean distance for interspecies was 21 times as much as that for intraspecies. The mean distance for intraspecies of Gekko swinhonis, Hemidactylus frenatus and G. gecko was greater than 2%, respectively. Further analyses suggested that geographical groups of the three species might be of different subSpecies, even species. Of course, incorporating morphological characters and other unlinked genetic markers in future studies will offer further insights into the divergence. On the basis of phylogenetic trees constructed by COI, our results indicated that the taxonomy of the category (family, genus, and species) by DNA barcoding is consistent with morphological characters. Therefore, DNA barcoding is a useful tool for both identification and phylogeny of medicinal animals of Lacertilia, particularly for nonprofessor identifying authentication of Chinese crude drugs of these species.

Extraction, purification and identification of type II collagen from Agkistrodon acutus / 中国中药杂志

The object of the research was to extract, purify and identify the type II collagen of Agkistrodon acutus. Type II collagen of A. acutus was extracted by enzyme decomposition method, and purified by ion exchange column chromatography. It was characterized by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared absorption spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The results showed that the size of C II was about 130 kDa. It absorbed at 223 nm. IR spectrum obtained showed that the triple helical domains of amino-acid sequences were characterized by the repetition of triplets Gly-X-Y. The MS spectrum graphically stated that C II extracted from cow and A. acutus have the similar peptides. The C II of A. acutus was obtained by extraction and purification. Appraisal analysis by SDS-PAGE, UV, IR and MS, C II of A. acutus was consistent with the standard C II of cow. It was proved that the extracted protein was C II.

The analysis of heterogeneity of HWTX-I expressed in Pichia pastoris / 生物工程学报

To seek the reason of heterogeneity of recombinant HWTX-I (rHWTX-I) expressed in Pichia pastoris. We expressed HWTX-I gene of interest in Pichia pastoris GS115/HWTX-I. The heterogenous product expressed was separated, purified and identified by using Ion exchange HPLC, reverse HPLC, Tricine SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and then sequenced in both N-terminus and C-terminus. These results show that the heterogeneity of rHWTX-I results from the incomplete processing of signal peptide of N-terminus and the internal degradation of C-terminus. Biological activity assay shows that the activity of the heterogenous rHWTX-I only showed 30% activity compared with the native HWTX-I. The Solutions to how to avoid the heterogeneity are also discussed.

Expression and purification of recombinant huwentoxin-I in Pichia pastoris / 生物工程学报

HWTX-I is a peptide neurotoxin purified from the crude venom of the Chinese bird Spider Selenocosmia Huwena, which has analyesic activity. rHWTX-I expressed by P. pastoris and secreted to culture supernatant was first precipitated by (NH4)2SO4, then it was isolated and desalted by ultrofiltration following by ion exchange chromatography of CM column, after reverse phase HPLC of C18 column and vacuum drying, the pure HWTX-I protein was obtained which was proved to be recombinant HWTX-I by Tricine SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, amino acid composition analysis, the N-terminal amino acid sequence and its biological activity. The final yield of the purified HWTX-I was about 80 mg/L accounting for 23.6% of its total secretory proteins.